Tag: upsc
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Alliances Are Not Friendships
States do not have friends. They have interests, and for as long as two states’ interests point the same direction, they call the arrangement a partnership, an alliance, or a special relationship. The moment those interests diverge, so does the alliance, regardless of how many decades of shared history came before. From the Quincy Agreement…
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Why Empires Don’t Collapse Overnight ?
No empire has ever fallen in a single afternoon, however the history books compress it. Rome, the Ottomans, the Mughals, the British, and the Soviets each took decades, sometimes centuries, to unwind. The pattern beneath all five is the same: fiscal exhaustion, legitimacy erosion, elite defection, and military overstretch, working together long before anyone declares…
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THE THORIUM BET: How India is Betting Its Energy Future
India possesses one of the world’s largest identified thorium resource bases but thorium cannot simply be loaded into a reactor and burned. This article examines India’s seven-decade three-stage nuclear programme, the role of the PFBR at Kalpakkam, the uranium-233 fuel cycle, and the engineering challenges standing between India’s thorium reserves and large-scale nuclear power.